Industrial Applications of Corrosion Inhibitor & Demulsifier

Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion is a natural process that affects many industries worldwide. Corrosion not only affects the quality of the environment bit also affects the durability of the industrial equipments. Hence, it is important to use corrosion control methods for improving the lifespan of the infrastructure and saving huge expenses in equipment. Corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that effectively decreases the corrosion rate. The performance of a corrosion inhibitor majorly depends on the composition of fluid, water quantity and flow regime.

Industrial Applications of Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion Inhibitor in the Marine Industry: In the marine industry, aluminium and mild steel is mostly used for constructional purposes. Even after using high-quality metal, they are affected by corrosion with time. Because of the heavy machinery used in the marine industry, corrosion not only results in large expenses, but also becomes a safety hazard to the environment and people. The corrosion inhibitor helps in preventing such situations and improves the lifespan of the machinery. The usage of corrosion inhibitor also helps in reducing the maintenance cost, resulting in more profits.

Corrosion Inhibitor in the Automobile Industry: Corrosion is not only dangerous for the body of the vehicle, but it can also affect the engine severely. Inhibitors are used in a variety of applications in the automobile industry. It is used to prevent pipeline rusting and corrosion. Additionally, oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors are added to the lubricant oils to safeguard the engine from corrosion.

Corrosion Inhibitor in the Automobile Industry

Corrosion Inhibitor in Wastewater Treatment Plants: As a result of rapid growth in urbanization, the demand of the wastewater treatment is increasing day by day. Steel is one of the most preferred materials used for sewage pipes in wastewater treatment plants, which can be affected by rust and corrosion. Corrosion inhibitors are used to protect the sewage pipes from corrosion and improve their lifespan.

Apart from these industries, corrosion inhibitors are used in many other industries like petroleum, metals, cement & concrete, power generation, mining, transportation & manufacturing, chemical processing, pulp & paper, and electronics and textiles.

Demulsifier

Demulsifiers are chemicals used for separating emulsions. They are very important in wastewater treatment and crude oil production. There are various methods that can be applied for destabilizing the emulsion like increasing emulsion temperature, modifying the physical characteristics of the emulsion and adding chemical demulsifier. However, the most commonly used method is the addition of chemical demulsifier.

Industrial Applications of Demulsifier

Demulsifiers in the Petroleum Industry: The number of onshore and offshore crude oil fields, producing crude oil and water emulsion are constantly increasing. Because of the natural surfactants like asphaltenes and resins, these emulsions are formed in the process of oil exploitation. Water and oil separation is required before the transportation and refilling of oil. And, demulsifiers are used to break water-in-oil emulsion.

      
Apart from these industries, Demulsifier have various industrial applications in Petro Refineries, Crude oil, Oil-based Power Plants, Sludge Oil Treatment, and Lubricant Manufacturing.

Industries Where Ethoxylates find Their Best Applications in Form of Surfactants

Ethoxylation of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, esters or amines results in production of ethoxylates. Ehtoxylates are known for their cleaning, emulsifying and wetting properties and hence are applied in several industries as surfactant products.

Ethoxylates are the non-ionic surface active agents that do not form ions when in aqueous solutions. Hence they are often referred as nonionic surfactant products. Available in different makes and specifications, the ethoxylate surfactant formulations are good for both household as well as industrial requirements.

The scope of usability of these ethoxylate products extends over a wide range of industrial sectors. However the best applications are confined to textile paper, agriculture, rubber, leather, paints and cosmetics industries.

The polyoxyethylene alcohols or the popularly so-called fatty alcohol ethoxylates are the best products for cleaning applications in domestic sector. They are important for laundry-detergent formulation, formulation of floor-cleaners and wax stripper liquid, hand washing or waterless hand cleaner formulations.

Ethoxylate Surfactants for Textile Industry

The best among the applications of polyoxyethylene alcohols or fatty alcohol ethoxylates is as industrial surfactant products and in the textile industry. Alcohol ethoxylates for textile industry are used for scouring, finishing, dyeing and lubricating the fabrics. These are used for scouring operations like wool-scouring and cotton kier viscose boiling-off and soaping-off. They are best for dyeing cotton and play an important role as penetrates, wetting agent, and dyeing assistants for textile applications.

Agriculture Industry

Ethoxylate surfactants in agriculture can give the best applications as emulsifiers for sprays. They are not affected either by hard water or any kind of pH changes and hence can best serve as nonionic surfactants for agricultural use.

Rubber and Cosmetics Industries

The fatty alcohol ethoxlates for rubber industry can give a better performance as excellent stabilizing agents for rubber latex while on the other hand are ideal products used in manufacture of cosmetics such as shampoos, skin cleansers, antibacterial wash etc.

Paint Industries

The ethoxylates in particular the lauryl myristyl alcohol ethoxylates are of great use for solving the problems of coagulation, agitation or milling of latex emulsions encountered during the paint formulating operations. These nonionic surfactants show excellent tolerance for hard water and hence are the best emulsifiers used for emulsion polymerization of the base lattices in paint formulation processes.

Leather Industries

The polyxyethylene surfactant products are ideal for applications in leather industries. Degreasing, fat-liquoring, tanning, and finishing of leather products are some of the best applications that can be executed with these fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Manufacturer and Supplier of Ethoxylates

Rimpro India is one of the best manufacturers and suppliers of surfactant products in India. The company provides a wide range of high quality surfactants including fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, nonyl phenol ethoxylates, castor oil ethoxylates etc for various industrial applications.

This article educates reader about ethoxylates and industrial applications of ethoxylates as surfactants.

Resolving Chemical Reaction challenges in the Oil Field

The oil exploration and production process involves a series of chemical and physical processes that occur continuously and their effective management can mean the difference between success and failure.

Antifoamers

Foaming occurs in crude oil formations due to various factors such as pressure changes, occurrence of contaminants and presence of bore mud, sand deposits and wax. Foam in the crude oil can lead to poor well production, cavitation problems in pump, poor separation, loss in pumping efficiency, and irregular fluid flow. Antifoamers combine with the nucleation sites of the contaminants and reduce foam generation.

Asphaltene control

Asphaltenes occur as stable colloidal substances in the crude oil. They have high polarity and their precipitation occurs in various aspects of production and transportation. They are caused by; drops in pressure, fluctuating PH, unstable flow or shear flow and presence of carbon dioxide. Asphaltenes cause formation of heavy emulsions in the crude tanks, which eventually reduces recovery of oil and blockage of pipelines. They are managed by use of asphaltene control substances, which dissolve the asphaltene colloids as well as inhibit asphaltene precipitation.

Biocides

Microbial contamination is bound to occur in various stages of the oil production process and their presence can cause interference in oil production process. Some bacteria in oil production include;

• Slime producing sessile bacteria,
• Sulphate altering bacteria; causes contamination of the oil well leading blocked oil production ,and reduce water penetration in clearance wells.

It is important for oil producers to prevent establishment of bacterial colonies and they are impossible to clear. Biocides are important for checking the growth of these tough bacteria and ensure no biofilms are formed.

Corrosion Inhibitors

Corrosion is one of the biggest problems in oil production and must be managed with appropriate caution. It leads to deterioration of piping systems, storage tanks, and faster equipment degradation. Corrosion inhibitors are critical in oil production to maintain equipment integrity as much as possible.

Drag Reducers

Development of high frictional pressure in the pipes of crude oil leads to poor pumping efficiency and possible pump failure. Drag reducers lessen the turbulence in the pipe thus enhancing the flow rate and increasing the pumping efficiency.

Emulsion Breakers

When oil and water are forced to mix, emulsions develop, which interfere with the crude pumping process. Emulsion breakers target the boundary /interface between the oil and water and create a strong film that prevents coalescing of the droplets to form larger droplets and break the emulsion.

Hydrogen Sulphide Scavengers

Bacterial action of sulphate reduction causes occurrence of hydrogen sulphide gas. This gas causes severe corrosion of gas and crude pipes causing leakages and failure in production. This process can be prevented by creation of an inhibiting layer using the hydrogen-sulphide scavengers.

Hydration Inhibitors

Hydrates are chemical formations in the piping lines that can grow as the reactions continue. They lead to formation of hydrate plugs in the pipes leading to serious blockages. Hydrate inhibitors are therefore used to chemically react with the hydrates and cause them dissolve in solution.

Conclusion

The oil production process requires intensive management of chemical reactions, which are many, and varied. If these reactions are left unchecked, serious damages and downtimes are experienced and can lead to drastic reduction in production. The most serious reactions include corrosion, hydrate occurrence, emulsion formations and friction reduction.

This article has been written by Govind Patel.

Protecting Expensive Oilfield Equipments with Demulsifiers

Conditional Equipment Protecting Procedure

One of the major requirements in oil field extraction and processing processes is to protect refinery equipments from being affected by possible factors such as scaling, corrosion, etc. The natural component present in water in oil wells has a powerful impact over oil field equipments. Protecting those equipments becomes a mandatory activity to continue with sustained production. The role of oil field chemicals begins from here. Untreated scaling causes damage to the equipments like pipe lines and further create hindrance to production process. Among the oil field chemicals demilsifiers has a big role to play in terms of preventing scaling and differentiating oil and water.

Demulsifiers - Types and Applications

Demulsification is a most required and tough process in oil fields and it is concerned with segregating emulsion into oil and water. The purity of oil remains on how fast and how effectively water content is removed from the crude oil. Demulsifier is an active chemical ingredient that is applied in multiple processing aspects of oil field chemicals. It works out effectively in terms of separating oil and water and removing water and salt content from crude oil. The crude oil which passes through demulsification process is further sent for purification process.

There are different types of demilsifiers used in oil fields they are,

• Water Soluble Demulsifier - It is otherwise called salt removal demulsifier that is mainly applied to treat oil emulsion and on treating waste water. It is also found be very effective in separating solid material from crude oil

• Oil Soluble Demulsifier-It works in terms of separating oil, mud and water from the raw material.

How Demulsifiers protect Oil Field Equipments?

Oil field is one of the expensive ranges of industries in which each equipment has a significant role to play. Protecting these equipments to support for long term extraction, processing and purification process as these equipments meet obvious possibilities of scaling at higher percentage. Demulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors are some of the important oil field chemicals that are applied to avoid scaling and corrosion damages in oil field components. Apart from that,

• The concern for removing scaling and protecting equipment starts with the application of suitable chemicals and supportive components through which it can be prevented to a great extent.

• This process begins at an earlier stage in which water from oil wells are treated through different processes to remove all sorts of inorganic substances to keep the equipments safe from scaling.

• Demulsifier especially salt removing demulsifier is applied in equipments of oil treatment units and pipelines.

• This helps in preventing scaling formed due to presence of salt.

• Demulsifiers with high content of paraffins are called paraffinic demulsifier

• Paraffin demulsifiers protect oil field equipments from asphaltene -tar-paraffin deposits and against corrosion.

Get Good Quality Demulsifiers at Rimpro-India

Rimpro India leads a prominent role in supplying oil field chemicals suitable for different processes involved in oil extracting, processing and purification activities. We supply different types of demulsifiers suitable for specific oil field activities.

Conclusion

Demulsifiers are used in oil field industry to separate oil emulsion and water. It is available in different types and stays an efficient chemical in the process of protecting oil field equipments from getting scaling through salt.

This article has been written by Govind Patel.

About Various Surfactants and Their Applications in Textile Industry

Surfactants and Their Role in the Textile Industry

What are Surfactants?

These are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid. Surfactants are organic compounds that have amphiphilic molecules this implies that hey have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group or vice versa. They lower surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid. Surfactant may be used as detergents, wetting agents, forming agents, emulsifiers and so on. There are different types of surfactants such as the ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, fatty acid ethoxylate and fatty amines ethoxylate.

What is the Importance of Surfactants in The Textile Industry?

In the textile industry surfactants are used for three main processes as discussed below.

Scouring- in the textile industry, scouring for natural and synthetic fibers is very paramount. Scouring is aimed at ensuring the fabric is well prepared and impurities, either man made or natural are removed.

Lubrication- after the scouring operation, the fats in the initial fabric are eliminated. This implies that materials have to be added which will serve as lubricants. This is because lubrication is very important in the spinning, cording, and weaving operation. Surfactants act as lubricants and softeners.

Dying and finishing - these process uses most of the surfactants in the textile industry. Surfactants act as wetting agents, dying agents and as penetrates.

These are the major uses of surfactants in the textile industry amongst many more uses. This shows that surfactants play a very important role in the textile industry.

Various Surfactants used in the Textile Industry

There are many types of surfactants, below are some of the surfactants that are used in the textile industry.

Ethoxylates - These are produced from the ethoxylation processes. In the textile industries, the ethoxylates are used for scouring, lubricating, finishing and dying of the fabrics.

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate - These range from clear yellowish liquids to wax solids, depending on their length of the alkyl chain. Fatty alcohol ethoxylates are used for scouring and emulsifying in the textile industry. They are also used in dye leveling and as wetting agents. The major function of fatty alcohol ethoxylates is emulsification.

Fatty Acid Ethoxylate - They are used as non ionic surfactants in a number of processes in the textile industry. Fatty acid ethoxylates are used as emulsifiers, water softeners, wetting agents and as spin dying agents.

Fatty Amines Ethoxylate - They are good oil emulsifiers, and dye dispersants. They are also good as wetting agents. Fatty amine ethoxylates are important in the textile industry in for they act as fiber lubricants and also as dying agents.

These are some of the most commonly used surfactants used in the textile industry. All of them have a very important role to play. Get more information on Various Surfactants Applications in Textile Industry.

Ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates and fatty amines ethoxylates are very significant in the textile industry. Without them the textile industry cannot be complete. Their significance cannot be underestimated. They ensure that the textile industry is efficient. Every textile industry therefore needs surfactants for they are paramount in their operations.

This article has been written by Govind Patel.

Effective Application of Corrosion Inhibitors Under Changing Flow Conditions

The nature of the oil extraction process involves use of a myriad of reagents for the extraction process. These range from fracturing fluids, water, oxygen, brine and even hydrogen sulfide. When combined there occurs serious danger of corrosion and measures must be taken to reduce this corrosion. The rate of maturity and deterioration of pipelines is fast and continuous replacement of these installations is very costly. This has led to development of various corrosion inhibitors, and more research is being done in the improvement of the existing pipeline corrosion inhibitors.

Statistics on the Utilization of Corrosion Inhibitors

Under the current and existing corrosion management systems, over 3.7 billion dollars is spent per year to reduce the effect of corrosion in the oil production and refining industry. In an effort to bring this cost down there has been a tremendous effort by researchers to develop an optimal combination of flow enhancers and crude oil line corrosion inhibitors in order to increase protection of the surfaces.

This prolongs the life of the equipments and effectively reduces the cost of operation and maintenance.

Available Active Ingredients for Corrosion Management

Corrosion inhibitors are formulated with ingredients such as;

• Intermediate inhibitors
• Carboxylic acid  
• Demulsifier or surfactant in an aromatic solvent
• Alcohol

The intermediate inhibitor is the main active constituent in the inhibition process.90 % of all inhibitors used in the oil production process are nitrogen containing compounds. They are effective due to the 2 free electrons in the nitrogen atom. These are easily adsorbed to the metal surface and their hydrocarbon chain resulting in the formation of a hydrophobic film on the surface of the metal, creating inhibition. Kindly Visit - http://www.rimpro-india.com/demulsifier.html

Effect of Flow Enhancers in Pipeline Management

The management of corrosion is highly improved by the alteration of the flow properties of the crude. Gas oil corrosion inhibitors are combined with flow enhancing compounds simply called Drag Reducing agents (DRA’s)

Modification Effects of Combining Amine Inhibitors with Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors

New research has led to the development of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VpCL’s) which when combined with the amine based inhibitors, offer greater protection on the steel surfaces. They work by creating a self regenerating mono molecular layer on the surface giving great protection against carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and other corrosive contaminants

Drag Reducing Effects of Various Active Ingredients

Research shows that drag reducing compounds combined with oxidation inhibitors produce to better performance in corrosion inhibition. Drag reducers bring down frictional pressure which occurs during the turbulent flow of crude inside the pipe. They are therefore wonderful combinations when used with oil pipeline corrosion inhibitors.

Ongoing Research on Modification of Oxidizing Chemicals

Research on the inhibitor performance is still ongoing. Areas of focus include evaluation of inhibitor performance at high pressure and temperature (the high pressure wheel test); the “continuous wheel test” method is also designed to simulate ongoing crude treatment in the field.

Conclusion

Development of different combinations of pipeline gas and water corrosion inhibitors and modifying agents has led to good reduction in the operating pressure of the pumping systems as well as longer lasting infrastructure. This has ultimately led to improved oil production and increased revenue.

This article has been written by Govind Patel.

Manufacture High Quality Detergents and Shampoos Using Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate are a special class of non-ionic surfactants. It is manufactured by mixing ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols which have alkayl carbon atoms.  They have about 12 to 14 lauryl alcohols atoms and are commercially designated by the name LAE.

Properties of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate surfactants have many properties that make them ideal for manufacture of detergents, soaps and shampoos.  They have a straight chain Oleo chemical alcohol that makes them exhibit good wetting, dispersion and emulsification properties.

They have high calcium ion tolerance, very high solubility for oily substances and are easily biodegradable. They are also hygroscopic, hydrophilic and lipophilic in nature.

Manufacture of Shampoos and Detergents Using Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate are widely used to manufacture detergents and soaps due to their solubility and wetting properties. They are supplied in different grades which determine whether liquid or solid detergents will be made.

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate are used to manufacture sodium Lauryl ether sulphate which is the main ingredient in many detergents and shampoos. The process starts with heating of coconut oil mixed with sodium hydroxide to convert the oil into lauric acid (fatty acids).   The fatty acid is then hydrogenated to convert it to fatty alcohol (lauryl alcohol). Lastly, the sulfonation process converts lauryl alcohol into lauryl sulfate which is then reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium lauryl sulfate which is the ingredient in detergents.  In some cases lauryl sulfate is reacted with ammonia to form ammonium lauryl sulfate which is also a detergent.   

The ethoxylation process enhances the wetting and degreasing agents of lauryl sulfate. Lauryl alcohol ethoxylate is mostly preferred as the number of ethylene oxide molecules enhances its foam forming ability, solubility and detergency.

Safety and Handling Aspects of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate and Their Suitability as Detergents

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylates are mild on the human skin making the suitable for manufacturing detergents for washing clothes. They are non toxic, inert, have high flash point and are non corrosive. This makes them safe and easy to handle. They do not affect microorganism and aquatic animals making them environmental friendly.  Upon use, they decompose into carbon dioxide and water and hence, they don’t cause any pollution.

Global Trends in Utilization of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate as Cleaning Agents

LAEs are highly demanded by companies that manufacture soaps and detergent.  Due to its inert nature, it is highly demanded for both liquid and solid detergents. In addition, it is also used by other industries such as textile, paper, rubber, paint, agrichemical and pharmaceuticals. This increases it demand and utilization.
Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate market is highly competitive due to other ethoxylate products such as Oley amine ethoxylate, coco amine ethoxylate and other surfactants which can also be applied for the same purpose.

Conclusion

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate is one of the most widely used ethoxylate compounds in manufacture of soaps, shampoos and detergents. The number of ethylene oxide molecules enhances foaming, wetting, solubility and degreasing properties. This makes Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate one of the most effective detergents. 

This article has been taken from Source - http://www.rimpro-india.com/articles1/manufacture-high-quality-detergents-and-shampoos-using-lauryl-alcohol-ethoxylate.html